Hebrews Chapter 3

– “Therefore, holy brothers and sisters”: From Ὅθεν, ἀδελφοὶ ἅγιοι (Hothen, adelphoi hagioi), literally “Whence, holy brothers,” with inclusive “brothers and sisters” for ἀδελφοὶ where context implies fellow believers of both genders (theological: echoes Hebrews 2:11-12; cross-reference: Romans 8:29; 1 Peter 1:15-16 for holiness motif). – “who share in the heavenly calling”: From κλήσεως ἐπουρανίου μέτοχοι (kleseos epouraniou metochoi), literally “of a heavenly calling partakers,” participle emphasizing participation; “share in” for communal aspect (theological: divine invitation to glory, cf. Philippians 3:14; Hebrews 12:22). – “fix your thoughts on Jesus”: From κατανοήσατε τὸν Ἀπόστολον… Ἰησοῦν (katanoesate ton Apostolon… Iesoun), literally “consider the Apostle… Jesus,” imperative for focused contemplation; chosen for modern readability (cross-reference: Hebrews 12:2-3). – “the apostle and high priest whom we confess”: From καὶ ἀρχιερέα τῆς ὁμολογίας ἡμῶν (kai archierea tes homologias hemon), literally “and high priest of our confession,” genitive linking role to faith declaration; “confess” maintains confessional tone (theological: introduces dual role, cf. Hebrews 2:17; 4:14; John 20:21 for apostle). – “He was faithful to the One who appointed Him”: From πιστὸν ὄντα τῷ ποιήσαντι αὐτόν (piston onta to poiesanti auton), literally “faithful being to the One having made Him,” present participle for enduring faithfulness; “appointed” clarifies creative/agency sense of “poiesanti” (cross-reference: Numbers 12:7; Exodus 3:10). – “just as Moses was faithful in all God’s house”: From ὡς καὶ Μωϋσῆς ἐν ὅλῳ τῷ οἴκῳ αὐτοῦ (hos kai Moyses en holo to oiko autou), literally “as also Moses in all His house,” comparative; theological: sets up contrast (cf. Numbers 12:7). – “For Jesus has been deemed worthy of greater glory than Moses”: From πλείονος γὰρ οὗτος δόξης παρὰ Μωϋσῆν ἠξίωται (pleionos gar houtos doxes para Moysen exiotai), literally “For this one of more glory than Moses has been counted worthy,” perfect passive for established worth; “deemed worthy” for axiomatic judgment (theological: superiority theme, cf. Hebrews 1:4). – “inasmuch as the builder of the house has greater honor than the house itself”: From καθ’ ὅσον πλείονα τιμὴν ἔχει τοῦ οἴκου ὁ κατασκευάσας αὐτόν (kath’ hoson pleiona timen echei tou oikou ho kataskeuasas auton), literally “according to how much more honor has than the house the one having prepared it,” analogy for hierarchy; “builder” modernizes “kataskeuasas” (cross-reference: Proverbs 9:1). – “For every house is built by someone”: From πᾶς γὰρ οἶκος κατασκευάζεται ὑπό τινος (pas gar oikos kataskeuazetai hypo tinos), literally “For every house is prepared by someone,” passive for general truth. – “but the builder of all things is God”: From ὁ δὲ πάντα κατασκευάσας θεός (ho de panta kataskeuasas theos), literally “but the one having prepared all things God,” nominative absolute; theological: divine sovereignty (cf. Hebrews 11:3; Genesis 1:1). – “Moses was faithful in all God’s house as a servant”: From καὶ Μωϋσῆς μὲν πιστὸς ἐν ὅλῳ τῷ οἴκῳ αὐτοῦ ὡς θεράπων (kai Moyses men pistos en holo to oiko autou hos therapon), literally “And Moses indeed faithful in all His house as a servant,” “men” for contrast; “servant” for “therapon” (attendant, cf. Numbers 12:7). – “to testify to the things that were to be spoken later”: From εἰς μαρτύριον τῶν λαληθησομένων (eis martyrion ton lalethesoomenon), literally “for testimony of the things to be spoken,” future passive participle; theological: prophetic role (cf. Deuteronomy 18:15-18). – “but Christ is faithful over God’s house as a Son”: From Χριστὸς δὲ ὡς υἱὸς ἐπὶ τὸν οἶκον αὐτοῦ (Christos de hos huios epi ton oikon autou), literally “but Christ as Son over His house,” preposition “epi” for authority; contrast servant/Son (theological: filial superiority, cf. Hebrews 1:5). – “And we are His house”: From οὗ οἶκός ἐσμεν ἡμεῖς (hou oikos esmen hemeis), literally “whose house

– “Therefore, as the Holy Spirit says”: From Διό, καθὼς λέγει τὸ Πνεῦμα τὸ Ἅγιον (Dio, kathos legei to Pneuma to Hagion), literally “Therefore, as says the Holy Spirit,” present tense for timeless speech; theological: attributes Psalm 95 to Spirit (cf. Acts 28:25; Hebrews 10:15). – “Today, if you hear His voice”: From Σήμερον ἐὰν τῆς φωνῆς αὐτοῦ ἀκούσητε (Semeron ean tes phones autou akousete), literally “Today if His voice you hear,” conditional subjunctive from Psalm 95:7-8 LXX; urgency of “today” (cross-reference: Hebrews 3:13,15; 4:7). – “do not harden your hearts”: From μὴ σκληρύνητε τὰς καρδίας ὑμῶν (me sklerunete tas kardias humon), literally “do not harden your hearts,” aorist subjunctive imperative; metaphorical for stubbornness (cf. Exodus 8:15). – “as in the rebellion”: From ὡς ἐν τῷ παραπικρασμῷ (hos en to parapikrasmo), literally “as in the provocation,” referring to Meribah (Exodus 17:7; Numbers 20:13). – “on the day of testing in the wilderness”: From κατὰ τὴν ἡμέραν τοῦ πειρασμοῦ ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ (kata ten hemeran tou peirasmou en te eremo), literally “according to the day of the trial in the desert,” from Massah (Exodus 17:7). – “where your ancestors tested Me by putting Me to the proof”: From οὗ ἐπείρασαν οἱ πατέρες ὑμῶν ἐν δοκιμασίᾳ (hou epeirasan hoi pateres humon en dokimasia), literally “where tested your fathers in examination,” aorist; “ancestors” gender-neutral for “pateres” (theological: generational warning, cf. 1 Corinthians 10:1-10). – “though they had seen My works for forty years”: From καὶ εἶδον τὰ ἔργα μου τεσσεράκοντα ἔτη (kai eidon ta erga mou tesserakonta ete), literally “and saw My works forty years,” perfective aspect; cross-reference: Numbers 14:22-23. – “Therefore I was provoked with that generation”: From διὸ προσώχθισα τῇ γενεᾷ ταύτῃ (dio prosochthisa te genea taute), literally “Therefore I was disgusted with that generation,” aorist for divine displeasure. – “and said, ‘They always go astray in their heart’”: From καὶ εἶπα Ἀεὶ πλανῶνται τῇ καρδίᾳ (kai eipa Aei planontai te kardia), literally “and said Always they err in the heart,” present tense for habitual error. – “they have not known My ways”: From αὐτοὶ δὲ οὐκ ἔγνωσαν τὰς ὁδούς μου (autoi de ouk egnosan tas hodous mou), literally “but they did not know My ways,” aorist gnomic. – “As I swore in My wrath”: From ὡς ὤμοσα ἐν τῇ ὀργῇ μου (hos omosa en te orge mou), literally “as I swore in My anger,” aorist. – “‘They shall not enter My rest’”: From Εἰ εἰσελεύσονται εἰς τὴν κατάπαυσίν μου (Ei eiseleusontai eis ten katapausin mou), literally “If they shall enter into My rest,” Hebraic oath formula for negation (theological: promised land as type of eternal rest, cf. Hebrews 4:1-11; Psalm 95:11).

– “See to it, brothers and sisters”: From Βλέπετε, ἀδελφοί (Blepete, adelphoi), literally “See, brothers,” imperative for vigilance; inclusive “brothers and sisters” (cf. Hebrews 3:1). – “that none of you has a sinful, unbelieving heart”: From μήποτε ἔσται ἔν τινι ὑμῶν καρδία πονηρὰ ἀπιστίας (mepote estai en tini humon kardia ponera apistias), literally “lest there be in any of you an evil heart of unbelief,” subjunctive warning; “sinful” for moral connotation of “ponera” (theological: apostasy risk, cf. Deuteronomy 29:18). – “that turns away from the living God”: From ἐν τῷ ἀποστῆναι ἀπὸ θεοῦ ζῶντος (en to apostenai apo theou zontos), literally “in the to depart from God living,” infinitive purpose; “turns away” for defection (cross-reference: Jeremiah 2:13). – “But encourage one another daily”: From ἀλλὰ παρακαλεῖτε ἑαυτοὺς καθ’ ἑκάστην ἡμέραν (alla parakaleite heautous kath’ hekasten hemeran), literally “but exhort yourselves according to each day,” imperative; “encourage” for mutual edification (cf. Hebrews 10:25). – “as long as it is called “Today””: From ἄχρις οὗ τὸ Σήμερον καλεῖται (achris hou to Semeron kaleitai), literally “until which the Today is called,” temporal clause echoing Psalm. – “so that none of you may be hardened by the deceitfulness of sin”: From ἵνα μὴ σκληρυνθῇ τις ἐξ ὑμῶν ἀπάτῃ τῆς ἁμαρτίας (hina me sklerunthe tis ex humon apate tes hamartias), literally “in order that not be hardened any of you by deceit of sin,” passive subjunctive; “deceitfulness” for seductive nature (theological: sin’s hardening, cf. Ephesians 4:22). – “For we have come to share in Christ”: From μέτοχοι γὰρ τοῦ Χριστοῦ γεγόναμεν (metochoi gar tou Christou gegonamen), literally “For partakers of the Christ we have become,” perfect tense for present state. – “if indeed we hold our original conviction firmly to the very end”: From ἐάνπερ τὴν ἀρχὴν τῆς ὑποστάσεως μέχρι τέλους βεβαίαν κατάσχωμεν (eanper ten archen tes hypostaseos mechri telous bebaian kataschomen), literally “if indeed the beginning of the substance until end firm we hold,” conditional; “conviction” for “hypostaseos” (assurance, cf. Hebrews 11:1); theological: perseverance condition (cf. Matthew 24:13). – “As has just been said”: From ἐν τῷ λέγεσθαι (en to legesthai), literally “in the being said,” infinitive referring back to quotation. – ““Today, if you hear His voice, do not harden your hearts as in the rebellion””: Repeat of verses 7-8, for emphasis. – “For who were they who heard and yet rebelled?”: From τίνες γὰρ ἀκούσαντες παρεπίκραναν (tines gar akousantes parepikranan), literally “For some having heard provoked,” rhetorical question; “rebelled” for bitterness implication. – “Was it not all those who came out of Egypt led by Moses?”: From ἀλλ’ οὐ πάντες οἱ ἐξελθόντες ἐξ Αἰγύπτου διὰ Μωϋσέως (all’ ou pantes hoi exelthontes ex Aigyptou dia Moyseos), literally “but not all the ones having come out of Egypt through Moses,” irony in negation. – “With whom was He provoked for forty years?”: From τίσιν δὲ προσώχθισεν τεσσεράκοντα ἔτη (tisin de prosochthisen tesserakonta ete), literally “With whom but was He disgusted forty years,” rhetorical. – “Was it not with those who sinned, whose bodies fell in the wilderness?”: From οὐχὶ τοῖς ἁμαρτήσασιν, ὧν τὰ κῶλα ἔπεσεν ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ (ouchi tois hamartesasin, hon ta kola epesen en te eremo), literally “not with the ones having sinned, whose corpses fell in the desert,” “bodies” for “kola” (limbs/carcasses, cf. Numbers 14:29-32). – “And to whom did He swear that they would not enter His rest”: From τίσιν δὲ ὤμοσεν μὴ εἰσελεύσεσθαι εἰς τὴν κατάπαυσιν αὐτοῦ (tisin de omosen me eiseleusesthai eis ten katapausin autou), literally “And to whom swore He not to enter into His rest,” infinitive. – “if not to those who were disobedient?”: From εἰ μὴ τοῖς ἀπειθήσασιν (ei me tois apeithesasin), literally “if not to the ones having disobeyed,” aorist participle. – “So we see that they were unable to enter because of unbelief”: From καὶ βλέ