Veritable King James Version
1It happened in those days that a decree went out from Caesar Augustus that all the inhabited world should be enrolled.
2This enrollment was first made when Quirinius was governor of Syria.
3And everyone went to be enrolled, each to their own city.
4Joseph also went up from Galilee, from the city of Nazareth, to Judea, to the city of David which is called Bethlehem, because he was of the house and lineage of David,
5to be enrolled with Mary, who was betrothed to him, being pregnant.
6While they were there, the time came for her to give birth.
7And she gave birth to her firstborn Son and wrapped Him in swaddling cloths and laid Him in a manger, because there was no place for them in the guest room.
8Now there were shepherds in the same region, living in the fields and keeping watch over their flock by night.
9And an angel of the Lord stood before them, and the glory of the Lord shone around them, and they were filled with great fear.
10And the angel said to them, “Do not be afraid, for behold, I bring you good news of great joy which will be for all the people.
11For today in the city of David there has been born for you a Savior, who is Christ the Lord.
12This will be a sign for you: you will find an infant wrapped in swaddling cloths and lying in a manger.”
13And suddenly there appeared with the angel a multitude of the heavenly host praising God and saying,
14“Glory to God in the highest, and on earth peace among people with whom He is pleased.”
15When the angels had gone away from them into heaven, the shepherds said to one another, “Let us go straight to Bethlehem and see this thing that has happened, which the Lord has made known to us.”
16So they came in a hurry and found their way to Mary and Joseph, and the baby as He lay in the manger.
17When they had seen this, they made known the statement which had been told them about this Child.
18And all who heard it were amazed about the things which were told them by the shepherds.
19But Mary treasured all these things, pondering them in her heart.
20And the shepherds went back, glorifying and praising God for all that they had heard and seen, just as had been told them.
21When eight days had passed, before His circumcision, His name was then called Jesus, the name given by the angel before He was conceived in the womb.
22When the days for their purification according to the law of Moses were completed, they brought Him up to Jerusalem to present Him to the Lord
23(as it is written in the law of the Lord, “Every firstborn male that opens the womb shall be called holy to the Lord”),
24and to give a sacrifice according to what was stated in the law of the Lord, “a pair of turtledoves or two young pigeons.”
25And there was a man in Jerusalem whose name was Simeon; and this man was righteous and devout, looking for the consolation of Israel; and the Holy Spirit was upon him.
26And it had been revealed to him by the Holy Spirit that he would not see death before he had seen the Lord’s Christ.
27And he came in the Spirit into the temple; and when the parents brought in the Child Jesus, to carry out for Him the custom of the Law,
28then he took Him into his arms, and blessed God, and said,
29“Now Lord, You are releasing Your bond-servant to depart in peace, According to Your word;
30For my eyes have seen Your salvation,
31Which You have prepared in the presence of all peoples,
32A light of revelation to the Gentiles, And the glory of Your people Israel.”
33And His father and mother were amazed at the things which were being said about Him.
34And Simeon blessed them and said to Mary His mother, “Behold, this Child is appointed for the fall and rise of many in Israel, and for a sign to be opposed—
35and a sword will pierce even your own soul—to the end that thoughts from many hearts may be revealed.”
36And there was a prophetess, Anna, the daughter of Phanuel, of the tribe of Asher. She was advanced in years, having lived with her husband seven years after her marriage,
37and then as a widow to the age of eighty-four. She never left the temple, serving night and day with fastings and prayers.
38And at that very moment she came up and began giving thanks to God, and continued to speak about Him to all those who were looking for the redemption of Jerusalem.
39When they had completed everything in accordance with the Law of the Lord, they returned to Galilee, to their own city of Nazareth.
40The Child continued to grow and to become strong, increasing in wisdom; and the favor of God was upon Him.
41Now His parents went to Jerusalem every year at the Feast of the Passover.
42And when He became twelve, they went up there according to the custom of the Feast;
43and as they were returning, after spending the full number of days, the boy Jesus stayed behind in Jerusalem. But His parents were unaware of it,
44but supposed Him to be in the caravan, and went a day’s journey; and they began looking for Him among their relatives and acquaintances.
45When they did not find Him, they returned to Jerusalem looking for Him.
46Then, after three days they found Him in the temple, sitting in the midst of the teachers, both listening to them and asking them questions.
47And all who heard Him were amazed at His understanding and His answers.
48When they saw Him, they were astonished, and His mother said to Him, “Son, why have You treated us this way? Behold, Your father and I have been anxiously looking for You.”
49And He said to them, “Why is it that you were looking for Me? Did you not know that I had to be in My Father’s house?”
50And they did not understand the statement which He had made to them.
51And He went down with them and came to Nazareth, and He continued in subjection to them; and His mother treasured all these things in her heart.
52And Jesus kept increasing in wisdom and stature, and in favor with God and people. Luke Chapter 3 The Gospel of Luke, Chapter 3 – Veritable King James Version
Translation notes
– Egeneto de (v. 1): Literally “and it happened” or “and it came to pass”; conjunction with aorist indicative verb for narrative introduction. Grammatically, it’s a common Lukan idiom to transition events. Translation choices: “It happened” for modern natural flow or “it came to pass” to echo KJV’s formality. Theologically, it emphasizes historical fulfillment of prophecy in ordinary events. Cross-references: Luke 1:5 (similar opening); Ruth 3:18 (events unfolding). – Apographesthai (v. 1): Literally “to be enrolled” or “to be registered”; aorist passive infinitive expressing purpose. Grammatically, it’s the object of the decree. Translation choices: “Enrolled” for census context or “taxed” in some traditions, but “enrolled” avoids anachronism. Theologically, it sets the stage for the birth in Bethlehem, fulfilling Micah 5:2. Cross-references: Romans 13:1 (submit to authorities); Daniel 7:23 (empires as world powers). – Oikoumenēn (v. 1): Literally “inhabited world” or “known world”; accusative feminine singular noun referring to the Roman Empire. Grammatically, it’s the object of enrollment. Translation choices: “Inhabited world” for inclusivity or “Roman world” for specificity. Theologically, it highlights the global scope of God’s plan. Cross-references: Acts 17:6 (turned the world upside down); Revelation 3:10 (whole world tested). – Hēgemoneuontos (v. 2): Literally “governing” or “leading”; present active participle in genitive absolute. Grammatically, it sets temporal condition. Translation choices: “Governor” for official role. Theologically, it anchors in history, despite debates on Quirinius’ term. Cross-references: Acts 23:24 (governor Felix); 1 Peter 2:14 (governors sent by king). – Pantes (v. 3): Literally “all”; nominative masculine plural, referring to people. Grammatically, subject. Translation choices: “Everyone” for gender-neutral inclusivity. Theologically, universal compliance. Cross-references: Acts 2:5 (every nation); Romans 3:23 (all sinned). – Egkyp (v. 5): Literally “pregnant” or “with child”; dative feminine singular participle. Grammatically, state of being. Translation choices: “Being pregnant” for clarity. Theologically, virgin birth context. Cross-references: Isaiah 7:14 (virgin with child); Matthew 1:18 (found with child). – Plerōthēnai (v. 6): Literally “were completed” or “fulfilled”; aorist passive infinitive. Grammatically, temporal. Translation choices: “Time came” for birth. Theologically, divine timing. Cross-references: Galatians 4:4 (fullness of time); Ecclesiastes 3:2 (time to be born). – Prōtotokon (v. 7): Literally “firstborn”; accusative masculine singular adjective. Grammatically, modifies “son.” Translation choices: “Firstborn” to imply priority. Theologically, echoes consecration. Cross-references: Exodus 13:2 (consecrate firstborn); Colossians 1:15 (firstborn over creation). – Esparaganōsen (v. 7): Literally “wrapped in swaddling cloths”; aorist active indicative. Grammatically, maternal action. Translation choices: “Wrapped in swaddling cloths” for infant care. Theologically, humility. Cross-references: Ezekiel 16:4 (swaddled in salt); Job 38:9 (swaddling band clouds). – Phatnē (v. 7): Literally “manger” or “feeding trough”; dative feminine singular. Grammatically, location. Translation choices: “Manger” for imagery. Theologically, lowly birth. Cross-references: Isaiah 1:3 (ox knows manger); Proverbs 14:4 (clean manger). – Katalymati (v. 7): Literally “guest room” or “lodging place”; dative neuter singular. Grammatically, negative existence. Translation choices: “Guest room” for cultural accuracy over “inn.” Theologically, rejection motif. Cross-references: Mark 14:14 (guest room for Passover); Psalm 118:22 (rejected stone).
– Poimenes (v. 8): Literally “shepherds”; nominative masculine plural. Grammatically, subject. Translation choices: “Shepherds” retained, gender-specific but inclusive in context. Theologically, lowly as first witnesses. Cross-references: Psalm 23:1 (Lord as shepherd); John 10:11 (good shepherd). – Agrraulountes (v. 8): Literally “living in the fields” or “camping out”; present active participle. Grammatically, manner. Translation choices: “Living in the fields” for nomadic. Theologically, vigilance. Cross-references: Genesis 4:20 (father of tent-dwellers); Jeremiah 23:3 (shepherd flock). – Epestē (v. 9): Literally “stood before” or “appeared”; aorist active indicative. Grammatically, sudden action. Translation choices: “Stood before” for presence. Theologically, divine visitation. Cross-references: Acts 12:7 (angel stood by); Daniel 8:17 (stood before me). – Doxa kyriou (v. 9): Literally “glory of the Lord”; nominative feminine singular. Grammatically, subject. Translation choices: “Glory of the Lord” capitalized. Theologically, shekinah presence. Cross-references: Exodus 40:34 (glory filled tabernacle); Ezekiel 1:28 (glory appearance). – Phobon megan (v. 9): Literally “great fear”; accusative masculine singular. Grammatically, filled with. Translation choices: “Filled with great fear” for terror. Theologically, response to holy. Cross-references: Luke 1:12 (Zechariah feared); Revelation 1:17 (fell as dead). – Euaggelizomai (v. 10): Literally “bring good news” or “evangelize”; present middle indicative. Grammatically, action. Translation choices: “Bring you good news” for gospel. Theologically, joy for all. Cross-references: Isaiah 61:1 (good news to poor); Romans 1:15 (eager to evangelize). – Sōtēr (v. 11): Literally “savior”; nominative masculine singular. Grammatically, apposition. Translation choices: “Savior” capitalized. Theologically, deliverance. Cross-references: Titus 2:13 (great God and Savior); Acts 5:31 (Savior to Israel). – Christos kyrios (v. 11): Literally “Christ Lord”; nominative with article. Grammatically, predicate. Translation choices: “Christ the Lord.” Theologically, messiah king. Cross-references: Acts 2:36 (God made Lord and Christ); Psalm 110:1 (Lord to my Lord). – Brephos (v. 12): Literally “infant” or “babe”; accusative neuter singular. Grammatically, object. Translation choices: “Infant” for newborn. Theologically, vulnerability. Cross-references: 1 Peter 2:2 (newborn babes); Luke 1:41 (baby leaped). – Plēthos stratias ouraniou (v. 13): Literally “multitude of heavenly army”; genitive. Grammatically, appeared with. Translation choices: “Multitude of the heavenly host.” Theologically, angelic praise. Cross-references: 2 Kings 6:17 (chariots of fire); Hebrews 1:6 (angels worship). – Eirēnē en anthrōpois eudokias (v. 14): Literally “peace among people of good pleasure”; nominative with genitive. Grammatically, hymn. Translation choices: “Peace among people with whom He is pleased” for genitive of favor. Theologically, shalom through grace. Cross-references: Isaiah 9:7 (peace no end); John 14:27 (peace I leave).
– Apēlthon (v. 15): Literally “gone away”; aorist active indicative. Grammatically, temporal. Translation choices: “Gone away” for departure. Theologically, angels return to heaven. Cross-references: Acts 1:10 (ascended into heaven); Job 38:7 (morning stars sang). – Dielthōmen (v. 15): Literally “let us go through” or “let us go straight”; aorist active subjunctive. Grammatically, hortatory. Translation choices: “Let us go straight” for urgency. Theologically, immediate response. Cross-references: Matthew 2:11 (came and worshiped); John 1:39 (come and see). – Rēma (v. 15): Literally “thing” or “word”; accusative neuter singular. Grammatically, object. Translation choices: “Thing that has happened” for event. Theologically, divine revelation. Cross-references: Luke 1:37 (no thing impossible); Hebrews 11:3 (worlds by word). – Gnōrisas (v. 15): Literally “made known”; aorist active participle. Grammatically, Lord did. Translation choices: “Made known” for disclosure. Theologically, God’s initiative. Cross-references: Ephesians 3:3 (mystery made known); Colossians 1:27 (made known to saints). – Diēngēsan (v. 17): Literally “made known” or “reported”; aorist active indicative. Grammatically, action after seeing. Translation choices: “Made known” for spreading. Theologically, early evangelism. Cross-references: Mark 16:15 (preach to all creation); Acts 4:20 (speak what seen). – Ethaumasan (v. 18): Literally “were amazed” or “marveled”; aorist active indicative. Grammatically, response. Translation choices: “Were amazed” for wonder. Theologically, awe at God’s work. Cross-references: Luke 4:22 (marveled at words); Acts 2:7 (amazed and marveled). – Syntērousa (v. 19): Literally “treasured” or “kept”; present active participle. Grammatically, continuous. Translation choices: “Treasured” for memory. Theologically, Mary’s reflection. Cross-references: Genesis 37:11 (Jacob kept matter); Psalm 119:11 (hide word in heart). – Doxazontes kai ainountes (v. 20): Literally “glorifying and praising”; present active participles. Grammatically, manner. Translation choices: “Glorifying and praising” for worship. Theologically, joyful response. Cross-references: Psalm 34:1 (bless Lord always); Acts 11:18 (glorified God).
– Eplēsthēsan (v. 21): Literally “were completed” or “passed”; aorist passive indicative. Grammatically, temporal. Translation choices: “Had passed” for time. Theologically, law observance. Cross-references: Genesis 17:12 (circumcise eighth day); Leviticus 12:3 (same). – Peritemein (v. 21): Literally “circumcision”; aorist infinitive. Grammatically, purpose. Translation choices: “Circumcision” for rite. Theologically, covenant sign. Cross-references: Romans 4:11 (sign of righteousness); Galatians 5:6 (circumcision nothing). – Onoma autou (v. 21): Literally “name of Him”; nominative. Grammatically, called. Translation choices: “His name was called.” Theologically, angel-given name. Cross-references: Matthew 1:21 (call name Jesus); Isaiah 7:14 (call Emmanuel).
– Katharismou (v. 22): Literally “purification”; genitive masculine singular. Grammatically, days of. Translation choices: “Purification” for ritual. Theologically, post-birth cleansing. Cross-references: Leviticus 12:4 (purification days); 2 Corinthians 7:1 (cleanse from defilement). – Parastēsai (v. 22): Literally “to present” or “offer”; aorist active infinitive. Grammatically, purpose. Translation choices: “Present” for dedication. Theologically, firstborn to Lord. Cross-references: Exodus 13:12 (set apart firstborn); Romans 12:1 (present bodies). – Nōmō kyriou (v. 23): Literally “law of the Lord”; dative. Grammatically, as written. Translation choices: “Law of the Lord” capitalized. Theologically, Scripture obedience. Cross-references: Psalm 119:1 (blessed keep law); James 1:25 (perfect law). – Arsēn dianoigon mētran (v. 23): Literally “male opening womb”; accusative. Grammatically, quote. Translation choices: “Firstborn male that opens the womb.” Theologically, holy to Lord. Cross-references: Exodus 13:2 (sanctify firstborn); Numbers 3:13 (firstborn Mine). – Thysian (v. 24): Literally “sacrifice”; accusative feminine singular. Grammatically, to give. Translation choices: “Sacrifice” for offering. Theologically, poverty offering. Cross-references: Leviticus 12:8 (turtledoves for poor); Psalm 51:17 (broken spirit sacrifice).
– Anēr (v. 25): Literally “man”; nominative masculine singular. Grammatically, subject. Translation choices: “Man” for individual. Theologically, faithful waiter. Cross-references: Acts 10:1 (devout man); Job 1:1 (blameless man). – Dikaios kai eulabēs (v. 25): Literally “righteous and devout”; nominative adjectives. Grammatically, character. Translation choices: “Righteous and devout.” Theologically, pious remnant. Cross-references: Luke 1:6 (righteous before God); Hebrews 11:7 (Noah devout). – Paraklēsin (v. 25): Literally “consolation” or “comfort”; accusative feminine singular. Grammatically, looking for. Translation choices: “Consolation” for messianic hope. Theologically, Israel’s comfort. Cross-references: Isaiah 40:1 (comfort my people); 2 Corinthians 1:3 (God of consolation). – Pneuma hagion (v. 25): Literally “Holy Spirit”; nominative. Grammatically, upon him. Translation choices: “Holy Spirit” capitalized. Theologically, empowerment. Cross-references: Numbers 11:25 (Spirit on elders); Acts 2:4 (filled with Spirit). – Kekrēmatismenon (v. 26): Literally “revealed” or “warned”; perfect passive participle. Grammatically, divine communication. Translation choices: “Revealed” for oracle. Theologically, promise fulfillment. Cross-references: Matthew 2:12 (warned in dream); Acts 10:22 (warned by angel). – Christon kyriou (v. 26): Literally “Lord’s Christ”; accusative. Grammatically, seen. Translation choices: “Lord’s Christ.” Theologically, anointed one. Cross-references: Acts 4:26 (against Lord and Christ); Revelation 11:15 (kingdom of Lord and Christ). – En tō pneumati (v. 27): Literally “in the Spirit”; dative. Grammatically, manner. Translation choices: “In the Spirit” for led. Theologically, Spirit guidance. Cross-references: Ezekiel 3:14 (Spirit lifted); Revelation 1:10 (in Spirit on Lord’s day). – Eulogēsen (v. 28): Literally “blessed”; aorist active indicative. Grammatically, action. Translation choices: “Blessed” for praise. Theologically, Simeon’s song. Cross-references: Genesis 14:19 (blessed God); Psalm 103:1 (bless the Lord). – Nyn apolyeis (v. 29): Literally “now releasing”; present active indicative. Grammatically, now. Translation choices: “Releasing to depart” for Nunc Dimittis. Theologically, peace in seeing salvation. Cross-references: Genesis 46:30 (eyes seen Joseph); Philippians 1:23 (depart and be with Christ). – Sōtērion (v. 30): Literally “salvation”; accusative neuter singular. Grammatically, seen. Translation choices: “Salvation” personified. Theologically, Jesus as salvation. Cross-references: Isaiah 52:10 (salvation seen); Acts 28:28 (salvation to Gentiles). – Phōs eis apokalypsin ethnōn (v. 32): Literally “light for revelation of Gentiles”; accusative. Grammatically, apposition. Translation choices: “Light of revelation to the Gentiles.” Theologically, universal mission. Cross-references: Isaiah 49:6 (light to Gentiles); Acts 13:47 (same). – Keitai eis ptōsin kai anastasin (v. 34): Literally “appointed for fall and rise”; present middle indicative. Grammatically, destiny. Translation choices: “Appointed for the fall and rise.” Theologically, division over Jesus. Cross-references: Isaiah 8:14 (stumbling stone); 1 Peter 2:6-8 (cornerstone or stumbling). – Sēmeion antilegomenon (v. 34): Literally “sign spoken against”; accusative. Grammatically, for. Translation choices: “Sign to be opposed.” Theologically, controversy. Cross-references: Acts 28:22 (sect spoken against); Hebrews 12:3 (endured opposition). – Rhomphaia (v. 35): Literally “sword”; nominative. Grammatically, pierce. Translation choices: “Sword” metaphorical. Theologically, Mary’s grief. Cross-references: John 19:25 (at cross); Psalm 42:10 (sword in bones).
– Prophētis (v. 36): Literally “prophetess”; nominative feminine singular. Grammatically, was. Translation choices: “Prophetess” for female. Theologically, women prophets. Cross-references: Judges 4:4 (Deborah prophetess); Acts 21:9 (prophesying daughters). – Probēbēkuia en hēmerais pollais (v. 36): Literally “advanced in many days”; perfect active participle. Grammatically, age. Translation choices: “Advanced in years” for old age. Theologically, faithful widow. Cross-references: 1 Timothy 5:9 (widow over sixty); Job 42:16 (lived long). – Nēsteiais kai deēsesin (v. 37): Literally “fastings and prayers”; dative plurals. Grammatically, serving with. Translation choices: “Fastings and prayers.” Theologically, devotion. Cross-references: Acts 14:23 (fasting prayer); Daniel 9:3 (fasting supplication). – Lutrōsin (v. 38): Literally “redemption”; accusative feminine singular. Grammatically, looking for. Translation choices: “Redemption.” Theologically, deliverance. Cross-references: Psalm 130:8 (redeem Israel); Hebrews 9:12 (eternal redemption).
– Telesantes (v. 39): Literally “completed” or “fulfilled”; aorist active participle. Grammatically, temporal. Translation choices: “Completed” for fulfillment. Theologically, law obedience. Cross-references: Matthew 5:17 (fulfill law); Galatians 3:24 (law tutor). – Auxanō (v. 40): Literally “grow”; present active infinitive. Grammatically, continued. Translation choices: “Continued to grow” for development. Theologically, human growth. Cross-references: Luke 1:80 (child grew strong); Ephesians 4:15 (grow in Christ). – Plēroumenon sophia (v. 40): Literally “filled with wisdom”; present passive participle. Grammatically, increasing. Translation choices: “Increasing in wisdom.” Theologically, divine-human. Cross-references: 1 Kings 3:12 (wise heart); Colossians 2:3 (hidden wisdom). – Charis theou (v. 40): Literally “favor of God”; nominative. Grammatically, upon Him. Translation choices: “Favor of God.” Theologically, grace. Cross-references: John 1:14 (full of grace); 2 Peter 3:18 (grow in grace).
– Poreuonto (v. 41): Literally “went”; imperfect middle indicative. Grammatically, habitual. Translation choices: “Went” for annual. Theologically, faithful pilgrimage. Cross-references: Deuteronomy 16:16 (appear before Lord); John 5:1 (feast to Jerusalem). – Dōdeka etōn (v. 42): Literally “twelve years”; genitive. Grammatically, age. Translation choices: “Twelve” for bar mitzvah age. Theologically, transition to adulthood. Cross-references: 2 Chronicles 34:3 (Josiah twelve sought God); Genesis 17:25 (Ishmael thirteen circumcised). – Hypemenen (v. 43): Literally “stayed behind” or “remained”; aorist active indicative. Grammatically, action. Translation choices: “Stayed behind” for lingering. Theologically, divine priority. Cross-references: John 4:40 (stayed two days); 2 Kings 2:2 (stay here). – Pais Iēsous (v. 43): Literally “boy Jesus”; nominative. Grammatically, subject. Translation choices: “Boy Jesus” for youth. Theologically, childhood. Cross-references: Matthew 2:11 (child with Mary); Hebrews 2:17 (like brothers). – Anazētountes (v. 44): Literally “looking for” or “seeking”; present active participle. Grammatically, began. Translation choices: “Looking for” for search. Theologically, lost and found. Cross-references: Luke 19:10 (seek lost); Psalm 119:176 (seek servant). – Didaskalōn (v. 46): Literally “teachers”; genitive plural. Grammatically, midst. Translation choices: “Teachers” for scholars. Theologically, Jesus among rabbis. Cross-references: Matthew 23:8 (one Teacher); 1 Timothy 1:7 (want to be teachers). – Existanto (v. 47): Literally “were amazed” or “astonished”; imperfect middle indicative. Grammatically, all who heard. Translation choices: “Were amazed” for wonder. Theologically, wisdom beyond age. Cross-references: Matthew 7:28 (amazed at teaching); Mark 1:22 (astonished at doctrine). – Tē synesei (v. 47): Literally “understanding”; dative feminine singular. Grammatically, at. Translation choices: “Understanding” for insight. Theologically, divine knowledge. Cross-references: 1 Corinthians 1:19 (destroy understanding); Ephesians 3:4 (understanding in mystery). – Teknon (v. 48): Literally “son” or “child”; vocative neuter singular. Grammatically, address. Translation choices: “Son” for familial. Theologically, human relationship. Cross-references: John 19:26 (woman, behold son); 1 John 3:1 (children of God). – Ti hoti ezēteite me (v. 49): Literally “why that you were seeking Me”; interrogative. Grammatically, question. Translation choices: “Why is it that you were looking for Me?” for surprise. Theologically, priority to Father. Cross-references: John 2:4 (what to Me and you); Matthew 12:48 (who is My mother). – En tois tou patros mou (v. 49): Literally “in the things of My Father”; dative. Grammatically, must be. Translation choices: “In My Father’s house” or “about My Father’s business”; temple context. Theologically, sonship. Cross-references: John 5:17 (Father working); Malachi 3:1 (temple of Lord). – Ouk synēkan (v. 50): Literally “did not understand”; aorist active indicative. Grammatically, they. Translation choices: “Did not understand” for confusion. Theologically, mystery of Christ. Cross-references: Mark 9:32 (did not understand); Luke 18:34 (hidden from them). – Hypotassomenos (v. 51): Literally “subject” or “obedient”; present middle participle. Grammatically, continued. Translation choices: “Continued in subjection” for obedience. Theologically, humility. Cross-references: Ephesians 5:21 (submit to one another); Hebrews 5:8 (learned obedience). – Dietērei (v. 51): Literally “treasured” or “kept”; imperfect active indicative. Grammatically, mother. Translation choices: “Treasured” for memory. Theologically, reflection. Cross-references: Luke 2:19 (pondered in heart); Genesis 37:11 (kept in mind). – Proekopten (v. 52): Literally “increased” or “advanced”; imperfect active indicative. Grammatically, Jesus. Translation choices: “Kept increasing” for growth. Theologically, human development. Cross-r
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